Comparing Debt Fund vs Fixed Deposits (FD) & Where to Park Your Money?

What is a Debt Fund?

What is a Fixed Deposit?

Key Differences Between Debt Funds and FD

For investors, debt funds and FDs are two probable avenues of investment. The primary goal of both is to protect the corpus from unexpected changes in the stock market. However, they differ in certain factors. The table below outlines the differences among them:

Basis Debt Funds FD
Interest Rates 7% - 8% Returns (Depending on the fund type and underlying assets). 6% - 7% (Varies by bank to bank).
Market Dependency Debt mutual funds are market-linked; they depend on market variations, such as bonds. Fixed deposits are not associated with the market. They are unaffected by stock market volatility.
Risk factor Low to Moderate risks because of market fluctuations. Guaranteed returns and minimal risk.
Dividend Option Yes No
Liquidity High. One can redeem debt funds anytime. However, an exit load is sometimes imposed, which varies amongst fund houses, often approximately 1%. Low. Most fixed deposit schemes allow early withdrawal with a penalty charge varying from 0.5% to 2%. However, some providers may not levy a penalty for early withdrawal.
Investment Option You can choose either an SIP investment or a one-time investment. You can only opt for a lump-sum investment.
Early Withdrawal Allowed with or without exit load, depending on the mutual fund type. A penalty is levied upon premature withdrawals.
Charges Expenditure ratios can range from 0.2% to 2.25%. It is the fee that fund houses charge for handling debt funds. Therefore, regular plans are subject to higher charges. Banks and other financial institutions do not impose fees to open or manage an FD account.
Portfolio Diversification Invests in a diversified portfolio of bonds, government securities, and money market instruments. Investment is with a single bank or institution, with no diversification.
Professional Management Managed by professional fund managers who actively rebalance portfolios. No active management; fixed return as per the contract.
Transparency Regular disclosure of portfolio holdings, NAV, and performance. Limited transparency; only interest rate and tenure disclosed.
Tenure Flexibility No fixed tenure; investors can redeem anytime, subject to an exit load. Fixed tenure chosen at investment; premature withdrawal penalised.
Credit Risk Exposure Subject to the credit risk of underlying securities, mitigated by diversification. No credit risk if FD is with scheduled banks and within deposit insurance limits.
Inflation Protection Potential to outperform inflation over the medium to long term due to market-linked returns. Fixed interest may not keep pace with inflation, reducing real returns.
Reinvestment of Returns Returns are reflected in NAV; no manual reinvestment is required. Interest is paid periodically or at maturity; reinvestment requires action.
Regulatory Oversight Regulated by SEBI as mutual funds with investor protection norms. Regulated by the RBI and insured by DICGC up to specified limits.

Benefits of Investing in Debt Funds and FD

Debt Funds and Fixed Deposits (FDs) effectively preserve capital and generate a steady income. They come with numerous benefits, including:

Benefits Debt Funds FDs
Stable Returns Provide relatively stable returns with low volatility compared to equity funds. Offer fixed and predictable returns throughout the tenure.
Professional Management Managed by professional fund managers who actively manage the portfolio. No active management; returns are fixed as per contract.
Liquidity High liquidity; easy redemption usually within 1-3 business days. Less liquid; premature withdrawal may attract penalties.
Flexibility in Investment Allows lump sum and SIP investments. Generally requires a lump sum investment; SIP is not available.
Potential for Capital Gains Can generate capital gains if interest rates fall and bond prices rise. No capital gains; returns are fixed interest only.
Regular Income Option Some debt funds offer monthly or quarterly dividend payouts. Interest can be received monthly, quarterly, or at maturity.
Loan Facility No direct loan against debt fund units. Loans can be availed against FD up to a certain percentage.
Portfolio Stability Helps to stabilise the overall portfolio by balancing equity exposure. Provides a haven during market volatility and economic uncertainty.

Factors to Consider Before Investing in Debt Funds and FD

Before investing in debt funds or FDs, evaluating certain key factors, such as your financial needs, risk management, and investment horizon, is important. Below are certain key factors that you must consider before investing:

Factor Debt Funds Fixed Deposits (FDs)
Diversification Allows investment across various debt instruments, reducing the risk related to any single asset and stabilising returns. Not applicable. Investment is made in a single deposit with a fixed return and tenure.
Risk Lower than equities but not risk-free. Affected by interest rate movements, credit risk, and liquidity. Offers steady, although lower, returns. Very low risk. Returns are fixed and guaranteed by the bank.
Investment Horizon & Liquidity Offers both short- and long-term options. Some have high liquidity and minimal exit loads. Choose based on how accessible you need your funds. Fixed investment for chosen tenure. Premature withdrawal is allowed with a penalty.
Taxation Gains on or after April 1, 2023, are taxed as per the investor’s slab rate without indexation. Dividend income is also taxed at the slab rate. Interest income is added to total income and taxed at the investor’s slab rate.
Interest Rate / Return Returns depend on market conditions and fund performance. Not fixed or guaranteed. Fixed and guaranteed returns. Compare rates across banks before investing.
Maturity / Exit Maturity varies by fund type. Exit loads may apply. The maturity date is fixed and mentioned on the FD receipt. Suitable for goal-based investing.
Premature Withdrawal Possible, depending on the fund type. May involve exit load or lower returns. Allowed, but with penalty charges.

FD or Debt Mutual Fund - Which is Better?

FAQs about Debt Fund vs FD

What is the main difference between a debt mutual fund and FD?

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The key difference between debt funds and FDs is that debt mutual funds invest in market-linked fixed-income securities and offer potentially higher but variable returns with some risk. In contrast, FDs provide fixed, guaranteed returns with almost no risk.

What are the advantages of a debt fund over an FD?

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Debt funds offer advantages over FDS, including higher liquidity, better diversification, the potential for higher returns, and tax efficiency for long-term investors.

Are debt funds better than FDs?

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Debt funds can be better for investors seeking higher returns, liquidity, and tax efficiency, but they carry more risk than FDs, which are safer and provide guaranteed returns.

Is it good to invest in debt funds or FDs?

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Both are good investment options. Choose debt funds if you have a moderate risk appetite and want higher returns and liquidity. Choose FDs if you prioritise capital safety and assured returns.

What is the risk in debt funds?

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Debt funds are generally considered less risky than equity funds, but they still carry credit, interest rate, and liquidity risks.

Which type of debt fund is safest?

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Overnight funds are the safest among debt funds. These funds invest in securities maturing in one day, so they don't have any credit risk, and the risk of making a loss is nearly zero.

Can I withdraw debt funds anytime?

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Yes, you can withdraw debt mutual funds at any time. Most debt funds are open-ended schemes, and investors can redeem their units at any time.

Which is more liquid, a debt fund or an FD?

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Debt funds are liquid, as you can redeem them within 1-3 working days, whereas FDs take longer, with penalties for withdrawing early.

Can I start a SIP in debt funds as I do in mutual funds?

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Yes, debt funds allow SIPs, making them suitable for regular and disciplined investing.

Are debt funds 100% safe?

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No, debt funds are not 100% safe, as they contain some risk due to credit and interest rate risks.

Are debt funds tax-free?

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No, debt funds are not tax-free. Debt mutual funds held for up to 24 months are taxed as short-term capital gains (STCG), while those held beyond this period are taxed as long-term capital gains (LTCG).

Are debt funds riskier than FDs?

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Yes, debt funds carry interest rates and credit risk, whereas FDs are almost risk-free.

How much of the fixed deposit is tax-free?

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If your interest income from all FDs with a bank is less than Rs. 40,000 in a year, the bank cannot deduct any TDS. For senior citizens aged 60 years and above, the limit is Rs. 50,000.

Can I redeem my debt fund or FD anytime?

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You can redeem debt funds anytime. FDs can be broken prematurely, but usually add a penalty on interest earned.

Disclaimer

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  • This is an informative article provided on 'as is' basis for awareness purpose only and not intended as a professional advice. The content of the article is derived from various open sources across the Internet. Digit Life Insurance is not promoting or recommending any aspect in the article or its correctness. Please verify the information and your requirement before taking any decisions.
  • All the figures reflected in the article are for illustrative purposes. The premium for Coverage that one buys depends on various factors including customer requirements, eligibility, age, demography, insurance provider, product, coverage amount, term and other factors
  • Tax Benefits, if applicable depend on the Tax Regime opted by the individual and the applicable tax provision. Please consult your Tax consultant before making any decision.

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