Black fungus disease, also known as mucormycosis, is a rare but dangerous fungal infection. It aggressively affects the nose, eye, and sometimes the brain. The black fungus is especially dangerous if left untreated, as it can cause mutilating damage and even disfigurement, loss of vision, and serious brain infection.
While it is a very serious illness, mucormycosis fungal infections can be life-threatening in diabetic or people with compromised immune systems.
Mucormycosis or black fungal infections are caused by a group of fungi or molds that are called “mucormycetes”. They are found throughout the environment, especially in soil, plants, manure, air, and decaying organic matter.
Some examples of the types of fungi that commonly cause mucormycosis are:
It is possible to catch black fungus when the spores are inhaled into the lungs or, when the spores enter a person’s skin through a cut, a burn, or any other type of skin trauma.
People come into contact with these mucormycetes every day, and they are generally not harmful to most healthy people.
However, for those who have weakened immune systems, or medical conditions such as diabetes, when they breathe in these fungal spores, it can lead to an infection in the lungs or sinuses. This, in turn, can spread to other parts of the body.
In most cases, mucormycosis or black fungal infection is spread through fungal spores floating in the environment that are then inhaled.
In home and hospital environments, it can be spread by:
There are different types of mucormycosis, or black fungus infections, based on which parts of the body are infected.
The common general symptoms associated with black fungus infections include:
However, different types of mucormycosis infections might present different symptoms, as they depend on where in the body the fungus is growing:
While mucormycosis is generally a very rare infection, more and more cases are being seen (especially in India) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The infection can be very serious as it affects the sinuses, the brain, and the lungs. Additionally, it can be life-threatening in severely immunocompromised people. Black fungus infections spread quickly through the body, and if left untreated, can spread to the lungs or the brain. This can cause brain infection, paralysis, a coma, seizures, and eventually death.
According to the CDC, mucormycosis has a mortality rate of 54%.
We have already mentioned that people who have health problems, or compromised immune systems are at a higher risk from black fungus infections. These include:
People who have or are recovering from COVID-19 are often seen to be at a higher risk for black fungus infections. They often develop symptoms within 6 weeks of infection.
Doctors also believe that the increase in mucormycosis infections may be connected to the use of steroids to treat severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients. In such cases, steroids are often used to reduce inflammation in the lungs.
There is some evidence that steroids help stop some of the damage that may be caused by the body’s own immune system. This is because when the immune system fights off the coronavirus, it can go into overdrive and end up fighting other parts of the body as well.
Unfortunately, these steroids also reduce immunity, which makes people more susceptible to these infections.
People with pre-existing diabetes are at additional risk. Diabetes is already associated with a reduced immune response, and the use of steroids can push up blood sugar levels, creating more ideal conditions for the spread of mucormycosis.
In most mild cases, black fungus infections are treated with antifungal medicines.
However, if the fungus has spread to the other organs, such as the eyes or the brain, a more multi-discipline approach is required to treat it. Depending on the parts of the body that have been infected, microbiologists, internal medicine specialists, neurologists, ENT specialists, ophthalmologists, dentists, and surgeons might become involved.
All the infected tissue needs to be surgically removed, leading to some patients losing an eye/or part of their jaw. Following this, patients might require a cycle of intravenous antifungal treatment for four to six weeks.
DISCLAIMER: The details provided in this article are for informational purposes only and are not a substitute for advice from a registered medical professional.
The black fungus infection is very serious. It affects the sinuses and respiratory system and spreads quickly through the body to the lungs or brain. This can cause brain infection, paralysis, a coma, seizures, and eventually death.
When it is left untreated, the mortality is as high as 80%. And even when it is treated, it is still around 54%.
Black fungus disease, or mucormycosis, is a fungal infection caused by a group of fungi called mucormycetes that are found in many environments, including soil and decaying organic matter. These fungal spores can be inhaled into the lungs or infect cuts and scrapes on the skin.
The fungal spores that cause a black fungus infection can spread through the air and enter the lungs.
No, the black fungus cannot spread between people (human-to-human transmission) or even between people and animals.
While anybody can be affected by black fungus, those who have certain health problems or are immunocompromised are at a higher risk. These health problems include diabetes, cancer, HIV/AIDS, organ transplants, stem cell transplants. People who have, or have recovered from, COVID-19 are also at high risk for this infection.
Yes, you can still get a black fungus infection without having COVID-19. However, such occurrences are fairly rare and usually more serious in immunocompromised people and those with health problems like diabetes, cancer, HIV/AIDS, organ transplants, stem cell transplants.
Doctors believe that the increase in mucormycosis infections after COVID-19 may be connected to the use of steroids. These steroids are used to reduce inflammation in the lungs. Unfortunately, these steroids also reduce immunity, making people who have recovered from COVID more susceptible to these infections.
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