Ectopic Heartbeat: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Ectopic heartbeats are changes in heartbeats and are quite common, resulting in extra or skipped heartbeats.

Individuals looking for the meaning of ectopic heartbeat, its types, symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention must continue reading for a comprehensive explanation.

The phrase ‘ectopic’ refers to something in an unusual place or position. People often imply ectopic rhythm as a missed, additional or early heartbeat. 

The human heart comprises 4 chambers, namely-

• Right atria (upper)
• Left atria (upper)
• Right ventricle (lower)
• Left ventricle (lower)

The cell area of the upper right atria or atrium, known as the sinus node, sends electrical signals to regulate heartbeat. Commonly, these electric signals contract the 2 atria and subsequently the 2 ventricles. Nonetheless, these electric signals sometimes come from outside of the sinus node, contracting the atria and ventricles faster. This condition causes ectopic heartbeats.

Ectopic rhythm can be classified into two categories:

• Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs): In this condition, irregular or ectopic beats occur in the upper chambers, that is, the left and right atria of the heart.
• Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs): In this condition, irregular or ectopic beats occur in the lower chambers, that is, the upper and lower ventricles of the heart.

However, ectopic rhythm is more common in the atria than ventricles.

A few reasons that trigger ectopic heartbeat are as follows:

• Lung disorders
• High blood pressure
• Alcohol consumption
• Smoking
• Misuse of drugs
• Medications such as decongestants and antihistamine
• Anxiety issues
• Caffeinated drinks and foods consumption
• Lack of sleep
• Exercise
• Dehydration
• Asthma medication
• Lower potassium level

In general, ectopic heartbeat has no prominent symptoms. In most instances, people feel their heart skipped or had an extra beat. A few common sensations under this condition are as follows:

• Faintness or dizziness
• Skipped heartbeat
• Racing heartbeat
• Fluttering feeling in the chest

In contrast, some individuals experience severe ectopic heartbeat symptoms similar to extreme cardiac conditions.

Ectopic heartbeats are common in adults and not in children. However, if a child undergoes irregular or ectopic heart rhythm, it is generally Premature Atrial Contractions or PACs, which is harmless.

In contrast, older people are susceptible to Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs). Moreover, anyone with a family history of PVC and cardiac arrest is at a higher risk. Additionally, it is worth noting that ectopic heartbeats are common during pregnancies.

In general, professionals discuss the symptoms of ectopic heartbeat with the patients and detect the irregular rhythm with a stethoscope. However, doctors may also prescribe the following tests to rule out severe conditions.

• Holter monitor, for recording heartbeat for 24 to 48 hours hours
• Electrocardiogram or ECG, for measuring the heartbeat and electrical signals
• Echocardiogram or heart ultrasound, for creating a moving image of the heart
• Coronary angiography, using x-rays and contrast dye to assess blood flow in the heart
• CT scan, using X-rays
• Exercise testing, for monitoring heartbeat while exercising, especially on a treadmill
• MRI, for detailed imaging employing magnets and radio waves

The best way to steer clear of ectopic heart rate is by adopting healthy life choices. It includes limiting alcohol and caffeine consumption, smoking and drug usage. Individuals with anxiety or stress issues may opt for stress-lowering techniques like meditation. Moreover, people experiencing ectopic rhythm should restrict themselves from exercising every day.

Nonetheless, doctors may also recommend beta-blockers and other drugs to change the heart response to electrical signals and hormones.

Another beneficial way to cure ectopic heartbeat is through radiofrequency catheter ablation.

Apart from these, ectopic heartbeats may develop Ventricular tachycardia (irregular and fast heart rate) and arrhythmias in rare cases. Now that you know all about this disorder, you will be able to recognise the symptoms easily and proceed with the treatment and preventive measures accordingly.