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7 Diabetes Tests Everyone should know about

What Are the Tests to Check Diabetes?

A1c Test

This diabetes blood test is used to diagnose type 1 and type 2 diabetes as well as prediabetes. Moreover, if a patient has been living with diabetes, this test is also helpful to determine how well they have been managing blood sugar levels.

Other names for an A1c test are: 

  • Glycated haemoglobin
  • Glycosylated haemoglobin
  • Haemoglobin A1c or HbA1c test

But how does an A1c test determine the average blood sugar level over 2 to 3 months? It does this by looking at a percentage of haemoglobin proteins coated with sugar, that is, those that are “glycated.” Haemoglobin proteins carry oxygen in red blood cells.

You may need to take this test multiple times, depending on the treatment plan your doctor has prescribed. The table gives a rough idea of how often you may need to take this test.

Type of Treatment

No. of Times to Take This Test in a Year

Prediabetes

1

Don’t use insulin, but blood sugar levels are within the normal range

2

Use insulin, and blood sugar levels do not stay within the normal range

4

Test results for the A1c test can be determined as follows:

A1c%

Blood Sugar Level

Results

4

68

Normal

5

97

Normal/Prediabetic if above 5.7%

6

126

Prediabetes

7

152

Diabetes

8

183

Diabetes

9

212

Diabetes

10

240

Diabetes

11

269

Diabetes

12

298

Diabetes

13

326

Diabetes

14

355

Diabetes

Based on the results, your doctor may suggest a change in the treatment plan or advise you to continue the current program.

Random Blood Sugar Test

This diabetes blood test determines the sugar level at the time of testing. Moreover, this test is taken at any time, and there is no need for fasting. Further, this test can be done at home. First, a small needle pricks the skin, and the blood is wiped onto a strip. Then, the device takes the blood sugar level reading from the strip.

People living with diabetes should consider investing in this gadget as it is highly useful for daily regulation.

However, random blood sugar tests are mostly done by those who are already suffering from diabetes. It is not done to determine whether a person has type 1 or 2 diabetes. Moreover, if a person notices any diabetic symptoms, they may take the random blood sugar test for a couple of days. If the sugar levels are above normal, it is time to consult a doctor.

A doctor may then prescribe more pin-pointed tests to diagnose type 1 or 2 diabetes.

The results for the random blood sugar tests are determined as follows:

Table to Show Results of a Random Blood Sugar TestRandom Blood Sugar Test

Random Blood Sugar Test

Results

Above 200 mg/dL

Diabetes

Less than 200 mg/dL

N/A

Fasting Blood Sugar Test

A fasting blood sugar test is done after an overnight fast. This test works on the principle of releasing glucose by our body with the help of insulin. For example, after a meal, our body releases sugars into the bloodstream. Then hormone insulin is released, which breaks down this sugar for storing. 

In a diabetic person, this insulin release mechanism is faulty. As a result, our body does not release sufficient insulin to tackle the increase in sugar levels, or else the body begins to attack this insulin it produces. 

The fasting blood sugar test is required to understand insulin production and sugar regulation in the body. Hence this diabetes blood test is very useful for those diagnosed with diabetes. It is an important aspect of the treatment. 

The test results can be determined as below:

Test Results for Fasting Blood Sugar

Amount of Blood Sugar in mg/dL

Results

99 mg/dL or lower

Normal

100-125 mg/Dl

Prediabetes

126 mg/dL or higher

Diabetes

Using this table, you can determine the severity of your condition.

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

This diabetes blood test is also oriented towards checking the functioning of insulin in a person. First, the person has to fast overnight. Then the fasting blood sugar level is measured. 

Following that, the person has to drink a sugary drink. Then the blood sugar levels will be tested continuously for the next two hours. 

Here is how this diabetes test can determine the sugar level.

Test Results for Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Amount of Blood Sugar in mg/dL

Results

140 mg/dL or below

Normal

140-199 mg/dL

Prediabetes

200 mg/dL

Diabetes

Once the sugar level has been determined, a doctor will decide on the next course of action.

Test Results for a Ketone Urine Test

Amount of Ketone in Urine

Result

10 to 30 mg/dL

Small to moderate (Ketone build-up is starting)

30 to 50 mg/dL

Moderate to large (diabetes is not being managed well)

Greater than 50mg/dL

Very large (you have Diabetic Ketoacidosis)

Finally, diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening condition. Consequently, you may experience nausea, vomiting, brain swelling, coma and even death.

Initial Glucose Challenge Test

The pregnant woman has to drink a glucose solution. After one hour, the blood sugar level will be tested. These test conditions vary from lab to lab. 

After this test, based on blood sugar level, a doctor may send you on for more tests to confirm the presence of gestational diabetes. 

Here is how results are determined.

Test Results for an Initial Glucose Challenge Test

Amount of Blood Sugar

Result

>140 mg/dL

At risk for gestational diabetes

< 140 mg/dL

Normal

Test Results for the Follow-up Glucose Tolerance Test

Condition

Result

If a minimum of 2 of the blood sugar readings are higher than the normal established values for that period

Gestational diabetes confirmed

If less than 2 readings are higher than the normal established values for that period

No gestational diabetes

Following these diabetes tests, a woman can be diagnosed with gestational diabetes. The treatment and precautions can then begin. Further, persons who have diabetes can also take the diabetes test at home.

What Are Diabetes Home Tests?

Who Should Do a Diabetes Home Test?

How to Perform a Diabetes Home Test?

Other Diabetes Tests and Diagnosis

Frequently Asked Questions