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What is a Camshaft in Automobiles: Types, Construction and Applications

What Is a Camshaft?

What Are the Functions of Camshaft?

What Is the Construction Process of a Camshaft?

How Does Camshaft Work?

What Are the Types of Camshafts?

What Are the Differences Between Single and Double Overhead Camshafts?

The table below provides more insight on the differences between single and double overhead camshafts.

Basis of Difference  Single Overhead Camshaft Double Overhead Camshaft 
Definition  In a SOHC engine, there is a single camshaft located in the cylinder head, which actuates both the intake and exhaust valves of each cylinder through a combination of cam lobes, rocker arms, and sometimes, pushrods. In a DOHC engine, there are two camshafts per cylinder head—one for the intake valves and another for the exhaust valves. Each camshaft directly actuates the valves of its respective type without the use of pushrods or rocker arms.
Valve Control  With a single camshaft, the timing and lift of both the intake and exhaust valves are controlled by the same camshaft. This can limit the degree of valve timing control and potential engine performance compared to DOHC configurations. In DOHC engines, having separate camshafts for intake and exhaust valves allows for precise and independent control of valve timing and lift. This provides greater flexibility in tuning the engine for improved performance and efficiency.
Valve Actuation Complexity  The valve train in SOHC engines may involve rocker arms or pushrods, which can introduce additional components and complexity compared to DOHC setups. DOHC engines generally have a more straightforward valve actuation mechanism since each camshaft directly actuates the valves without intermediary components.
Engine Size & Layout  SOHC engines tend to be more compact and lighter due to the single camshaft design. They are often used in smaller, less performance-oriented vehicles. DOHC engines are commonly found in performance-oriented vehicles and larger engines where precise valve control is crucial for optimal performance.
Cost of Manufacturing Generally, SOHC engines are less expensive to manufacture and maintain due to their simpler design and fewer components. DOHC engines typically involve more components and are more complex to manufacture, making them costlier than SOHC engines.

What Are the Reasons for Failure of Camshaft?

What Are the Differences Between Camshaft and Crankshaft

Follow the table to understand the basic difference between a camshaft and a crankshaft:

Basis of Difference

Camshaft

Crankshaft

Functionalities

The camshaft is responsible for controlling the opening and closing of the engine's intake and exhaust valves. It determines the valve timing and lift, which regulates the air-fuel mixture intake and the expulsion of exhaust gases during the engine's four-stroke cycle.

The crankshaft's primary function is to convert the reciprocating motion of the engine's pistons into rotational motion. It converts the up-and-down motion of the pistons into a rotary motion, which drives the vehicle's wheels or powers other mechanical devices.

Location

This is typically located within the cylinder head of the engine.

This is located in the engine block and extends through the engine's crankcase.

Design and Construction

Camshafts have cam lobes or lobes that are specifically shaped to actuate the valves. The cam profile determines the valve lift and duration, which affects engine performance.

Crankshafts have crankpins and throws that are designed to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotary motion.

Rotational Speed

This typically rotates at half the speed of the crankshaft in a four-stroke engine (i.e., one camshaft revolution for every two crankshaft revolutions).

The crankshaft rotates at a speed directly proportional to the engine's RPM (revolutions per minute).

What Are the Advantages of Camshaft?

What Are the Disadvantages of Camshaft?

What Are the Different Applications of Camshaft?

FAQs About Camshaft