What is Packed Cell Volume or PCV Blood Test

Almost all the blood cells in the human body are red blood cells. PCV blood test or haematocrit test is one of the tests that measure the proportion of RBC in a blood sample.

Continue reading this article to know more about the PCV test.

PCV in a blood test measures the proportion of red blood cells, which is made up of cells. The count of PCV rises due to the increase in the count of red blood cells or when the total volume reduces, as in the case of dehydration. In case the PCV becomes less than normal, it indicates anaemia. This test is also known as the haematocrit test. Generally, the PCV test is a part of a full blood count test. Human blood is a mixture of cells and plasma

Individuals do not need to take any special preparation before a PCV test. However, if someone is anxious, it is best to consult the doctor. Moreover, if a person has any medical condition or is using any medication, he/she must convey the information to the doctor. Individuals do not have to fast before taking a PCV test.

A lower count of PCV means a loss in RBC count due to several reasons, such as cell destruction, low bone marrow production and blood loss. An increased PCV means there is an increase in the production of red blood cells and dehydration.

On taking a look at the tube of centrifuge, one can figure out the white blood cells count as well. It is a buffy count that typically lies between the red cell and plasma layer.

The primary causes of high PCV include pulmonary or lung diseases, heart diseases, kidney cancer and genetic disorders. 

Individuals having high PCV levels experience the following symptoms –

• Flushed skin
• Dizziness
• Vision problems
• Headaches
• Enlarged spleen

The most common treatment for High PCV is going through frequent blood withdrawals. Moreover, certain medications ease the symptoms of high PCV. These medications include antihistamines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, etc. Several drugs such as Hydroxyurea, Interferon alfa-2b, Ruxolitinib and Busulfan are used to treat high PCV. 

Furthermore, there are various preventive measures to avoid high PCV. These measures include:

• Exercising regularly to reduce the odds of blood clots
• Cut down on tobacco intake
• Avoid living in environments with low-oxygen
• Avoid bathing in hot water, heated whirlpools and hot tubs

Medical experts associate low PCV with several medical conditions, such as chronic bleeding, bone marrow disorder, cancer, kidney failure, thalassemia, skin cell anaemia and autoimmune diseases.

When an individual has a low PCV level, they have the following symptoms –

• Pale complexion
• Weakness
• Fatigue
• Low energy
• Breathing trouble
• Irregular breathing
• Cold feet or hands

The treatment for low PCV includes iron, vitamin B-12 and folic acid supplements. Furthermore, blood transfusion, bone transplant, oxygen therapy and pain relief medications also treat low PCV.

Moreover, the following preventive measure helps to avoid low PCV in a blood test –

• Follow a healthy diet
• Stay hydrated and drink enough water
• Exercise regularly
• Wash your hands frequently
• Take proper care of your teeth
• Consult a doctor if you experience any symptom

Lifestyle and demographic factors affect an individual's haematocrit level. This further influences the results of a PCV test. Pregnant women may experience reduced PCV levels. Furthermore, strength training can also reduce the levels.