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Differences Between Electric Vehicles vs Hybrid Cars

Electric Vehicles vs Hybrid Cars

Choosing between electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid cars may not be easy, as they serve different purposes. The fundamental difference is that EVs are purely electric and have the advantages of zero emissions and low-cost running. At the same time, hybrid cars combine a conventional engine with an electric motor to achieve improved fuel economy and greater flexibility.

This article explains the differences between hybrid and electric cars. Choose the option that best suits your lifestyle, budget, and environmental concerns.

Table of Contents

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What is an Electric Car?

An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that is entirely driven by electricity supplied through battery packs. Unlike conventional combustion engines, EVs have wheels powered by electric motors. EVs draw power by connecting to an external source, such as a home charger or public charging station. 

These cars are very environmentally friendly, as they are 100% emission-free. Electric automobiles generally run quietly and require significantly less maintenance, thanks to the increasing availability of charging stations.

What is a Hybrid Car?

A hybrid vehicle is a car that utilises an internal combustion engine (typically gasoline or diesel) in conjunction with an electric motor. The vehicle automatically alternates between the internal combustion engine and electric motor, depending on driving conditions, or can use both together. 

The electric motor is used at lower speeds, while the engine powers the car when you need to accelerate or travel over long distances. The combination of the two will increase fuel efficiency and decrease the amount of harmful emissions.

Key Differences Between Hybrid vs Electric Cars

Both electric and hybrid cars serve different needs and preferences. Therefore, it is essential to understand their differences. Here is a general comparison of both types of cars:

Parameter Electric Cars Hybrid Cars
Power Source Fully electric and powered by rechargeable batteries, without gasoline. EVs run only on electricity supplied by high-capacity batteries. It has both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, making it very versatile. Hybrid cars can run on either of the two power sources for optimal performance.
Range The range is limited by battery capacity, typically between 200-400 miles per charge. Newer models and fast chargers expand the range of EVs very much. Hybrid cars provide a range by combining gasoline and electric power. The two systems reduce stops during long travels, thereby alleviating range anxiety.
Maintenance It has fewer moving parts, meaning it is less demanding and does not require oil changes. Batteries may be expensive, but replacements are seldom needed. Maintenance calls for servicing both the engine and the electric motor. It costs more than EVs but less than regular gasoline-only cars.
Environmental Impact Zero tailpipe emissions make EVs the eco-friendly choice, reducing air pollution. However, the production of batteries and electricity sources has an overall impact. Hybrids emit fewer greenhouse gases than gasoline-only cars. Although not emission-free, they are the greener choice for the eco-conscious driver.
Charging/Refuelling Time Charging time depends on the station type: Level 1 stations take up to 24 hours, Level 2 stations take 4-8 hours, and fast chargers take 30-60 minutes to charge to 80%. The refuelling process is relatively swift and only takes 3-5 minutes at a gas station. Hybrids have eliminated downtime, as found in EVs.
Cost Lower charging costs compared to gasoline, with off-peak home charging and notably lower starting vehicle costs, offset by incentives Hybrids have increased costs compared to EVs when using gasoline. This is despite them achieving better fuel economy than a comparable gas-powered car.
Technology Evolution There is rapid progress in battery technology and charging infrastructure. EVs are becoming practical and competitive each year. Hybrid technology has seen fewer innovations lately. Its focus is more on incremental efficiency improvements rather than on groundbreaking changes.
Driving Experience Electric vehicles provide smooth, quiet rides with instant torque and responsive acceleration. They are great for daily commutes, thrive in urban environments, and are affordable. Electric driving combined with the reliability of gasoline. Hybrids offer versatility for a range of driving conditions, including city and highway travel.

Comparing Charging and Refuelling of Hybrid vs EV Cars

When evaluating charging and refuelling, EVS and hybrids differ significantly in terms of time, infrastructure, and costs. Here’s a detailed comparison:

Parameter EVs Hybrid
Charging / Refuelling Time Charging times vary with charger type: Level 1 (slow, up to 24 hours), Level 2 (moderate, 4-8 hours), and DC Fast Chargers (30-60 minutes for 80%). Refuelling at gas stations takes only 3-5 minutes, allowing quick turnarounds during long trips.
Infrastructure Needs a network of charging stations, which is steadily growing. Public and private charging points are becoming more accessible in urban and suburban areas. It utilises the already established gas station infrastructure; no additional infrastructure changes are required to refuel hybrid vehicles.
Cost The charging costs are significantly lower than those of gasoline, especially when charging at home during off-peak hours. The fuel cost is higher compared to charging for EVs.
Range It is a function of battery size; new models now achieve 200-400 miles per charge. This can require long-range driving planning, including determining when and where charging will occur. Hybrids are typically more rangy since both gasoline and electric power sources can be utilised without interrupting their usage.

Comparing Cost of Ownership of Electric vs Hybrid Cars

When comparing the cost of ownership between electric vehicles and hybrids, it’s essential to consider certain factors. Here’s a breakdown of the difference between the two based on the cost of ownership:

Factor Electric Vehicles (EVs) Hybrid Cars
Initial Purchase Price The upfront cost of EVs, generally higher than that of petrol or hybrid vehicles, relates to the expensive battery technology. Generally cheaper but differ in model and features.
Fuel/Energy Costs The operating costs of electric vehicles are lower because electricity is generally cheaper than fossil fuels. Their cost per kilometre is notably lower, thus saving a significant amount of money in the long run. Hybrids are much more fuel-efficient than internal combustion vehicles, resulting in reasonable fuel economy. However, their fuel per kilometre still costs significantly more than EVs' since they use gas or diesel.
Maintenance Costs EVs require very few repairs and thus have cheaper running costs. The hybrid variants are based on more complex systems than conventional cars, leading to higher maintenance costs. However, they generally require fewer maintenance expenses than conventional cars.
Government Incentives The GST imposed on EVs in India is only 5%, while 48% is levied on hybrids, and thus, these EVs are the economically off option. There are also state-level incentives in some states. Around 48% GST makes hybrids more taxable, but states like Uttar Pradesh have provided incentives by waiving off registration taxes for hybrid cars, making them cheaper by almost 10%. 

Pros of Electric vs Hybrid Vehicles

EVs and hybrids offer efficient, eco-friendly transport options. While EVs run fully on electricity, hybrids blend electric and fuel power. Here are the key benefits of both:

Aspect Electric Vehicles (EVs) Hybrid Cars
Efficiency High energy efficiency, ideal for city driving. Better than petrol cars, but less than EVs.
Running Cost Lower fuel and maintenance costs. Reduced fuel use, moderate maintenance cost.
Incentives Eligible for tax rebates and subsidies. Fewer incentives than EVs.
Eco Impact Zero tailpipe emissions. Lower emissions than petrol cars.
Performance Instant torque and smooth drive. Smooth transitions, decent acceleration.
Technology Rapid battery and tech upgrades. Reliable dual power system.
Range 250–500 km per charge, varies by use. Longer range with fuel backup.
Fuel Use No petrol or diesel needed. Uses less fuel, especially in cities.
Range Anxiety Limited charging points may cause concern. No range worries with petrol backup.
Versatility Best for urban and planned routes. Suits both city and highway driving.

Cons of Electric vs Hybrid Vehicles

While both electric and hybrid cars are good options, they also have disadvantages that buyers should be aware of. Here’s a breakdown of key drawbacks:

Aspect Electric Vehicles (EVs) Hybrid Cars
Cost Expensive due to battery tech. Higher price than regular cars.
Battery Life It degrades over time and is faster with frequent fast charging. Lasts longer but is costly to replace.
Maintenance It is low overall, but battery repairs can be costly. Needs upkeep for both engine and motor.
Electric Range Fully dependent on charge; no backup. Limited electric drive; switches to petrol often.

Environmental Impact of Hybrid vs Electric Cars

Various factors are considered when comparing the environmental impact of electric vehicles (EVs) with that of hybrid cars. 

 

  • There are no tailpipe emissions from EVs, thus reducing urban air pollution. However, the positive ecological impacts flowing from EVs depend on the electricity sources used for recharging.

  • Hybrid vehicles combine a gasoline engine and an electric motor, increasing fuel efficiency and reducing emissions compared to conventional cars. However, they produce tailpipe emissions.

  • While both EVs and hybrids have environmental advantages over conventional vehicles, EVs have a lower carbon footprint when charged with renewable energy. Hybrids are a transitional technology that gains efficiency and immediate reductions.

Hybrid vs Electric Cars - Which is Better for You?

The choice between the two depends on an individual's necessities, habits, or requirements. Your driving patterns or range demand are one significant parameter in choosing the perfect vehicle for you. 

  • EVs are ideal for short commutes in the city as they operate silently and emit zero pollution. However, hybrids should perform better during long trips or in regions with insufficient charging infrastructure, as they can be quickly refuelled with gasoline backup.
  • EVs are perfect for those well-disposed to environmental change and interested in cutting their carbon footprint. They also offer economic benefits, including lower running costs, despite being more expensive initially. 
  • Hybrids are more affordable to purchase, more practical for changing driving conditions, and a generally environmentally friendly choice.
  • Both electric cars and hybrid cars serve different needs and priorities of users. Factors influencing the decision between the two will include lifestyle considerations, environmental goals, and budget. 
  • EVs are an ideal choice for shorter commutes inside the city. In contrast, hybrids can provide a useful solution to those who want smoothened movement into eco-driving standards without range anxiety. Both will be huge steps toward a sustainable automobile future.

FAQ about Electric and Hybrid Cars