What Are the Diseases Caused by Noise Pollution?

Noise pollution is one of the most common problems in urban areas, alongside air and water pollution. This is due to the excessive number of vehicles introduced each year. In addition to vehicles, other factors like construction, crowds, concerts, and air traffic also cater to noise pollution.

Prolonged exposure to extreme noise has many detrimental effects on human health. Before knowing about the diseases caused by noise pollution, one should know about this pollution in detail.

Noise pollution is the transmission of excessive levels of sound in the environment. Therefore, environmental noise or sound pollution are other terms used for noise pollution. Furthermore, the World Health Organisation states that constant exposure to noise above 85 dB will negatively affect any living organism.

The effects of noise pollution on human health range from psychological to physiological and cause many diseases.

People living in urban areas often do not understand in what way noise pollution is harmful to humans. As a result, they often end up overexposing themselves to excessive noise. The most common health issue caused by sound pollution is Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). Furthermore, it can cause cardiovascular diseases, sleep disturbance, stress, and high blood pressure.

In addition to causing health complications in humans, noise pollution is also damaging to animals. Sound pollution is especially harmful to domesticated animals like dogs and cats in urban cities and towns. A prime example of animals suffering due to noise pollution is during festivals when people burn firecrackers or play music over the loudspeaker.

Discussed below are the different impacts of noise pollution on one’s physical health, mental health, as well as on children.

Impact of Noise Pollution on Physical Health

Complications in physical health can arise from direct or indirect exposure to noise. 

In some cases, people can suffer from hearing impairment due to being exposed to loud sounds for a very long period. The various forms of noise-induced hearing impairment are:

• Paracusis - distorted hearing
• Tinnitus - constant high-pitched ringing in the ears
• Abnormal loudness perception 

In addition to hearing complications, noise pollution can raise blood pressure and increase blood viscosity in humans. However, these effects are temporary, but if an individual is exposed to noise for a prolonged period, they can suffer from heart disease because of fluctuating blood pressure.

Impact of Noise Pollution on Mental Health

The effects of noise pollution on mental health are equally destructive as air and water pollution to human health.

Unwanted loud sounds can be a significant factor behind a host of mental health problems like anxiety and stress. In addition, noise pollution is a major factor behind sleep disturbance which causes difficulty sleeping or staying asleep. As a result, people find it challenging to wake up early and often are irritable the next day.

Stress caused due to noise pollution will most likely increase the heartbeat and blood pressure in humans.

Impact of Noise Pollution on Children

Children are more susceptible to hearing impairment caused due to noise pollution as compared to adults.

Inability to hear certain frequencies from a young age leads to communication and speech development issues.

Additionally, unwanted noise causes a lack of concentration in children and disrupts their cognitive performance.

Noise pollution created due to factors outside one’s home is unavoidable, but an individual can easily control the factors inside their home. One can reduce noise pollution through the following ways:-

1. Turning Off Appliances

Appliances such as air conditioners, television, heaters and fans contribute to the overall noise levels at home and offices. One can easily turn these electronic devices off when not in use. This way, an individual can easily avoid unwanted noise at home.

2. Reducing the Volume of Media Gadgets

The use of media gadgets like television, computer, mobile and iPad have become common. However, one can lower the volume of these devices while using them and completely switch them off when not in use. It can benefit individuals if they dedicate separate time for watching television or playing games on the computer. This way they can have an hour without any noise.

3. Replacing/Repairing Old Machines

Old machinery like the washing machine or mixer grinder tends to create a lot of noise compared to the new ones. If repairing the old machines can stop the noise emission then it’s a win-win situation for the user. However, if repairing the machine cannot salvage its noise, one should consider replacing them with new ones.

4. Soundproofing the Rooms

Soundproofing all the rooms in the house is the best way to cancel out all the sounds coming from outside the house. For instance, a party is going on in the neighbour’s house, and they are playing music on the loudspeaker, the soundproof rooms will cancel out the noise.

5. Using Ear Protection

Ear protection like earplugs and earmuffs can come handy when one is outside the house. An individual can control the noise creating factors at home, but one cannot do much about noisy outside elements. This is where earplugs come in handy, as they will reduce the impact of the sounds. For example, construction is going on a building beside an individual’s office, but he can do nothing about it. Instead, he can use earplugs to protect himself from hearing damage.

Sound is an essential element in human life, but it becomes noise when this sound exceeds recommended decibels. These unwanted sounds together create noise pollution and interfere with the lives of humans and animals.

Noise pollution negatively impacts humans by affecting mental and physical health. In addition, the diseases caused by noise pollution can be highly detrimental to human health.