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Microorganisms are also known as microbes that are not visible through naked eyes. Several types of microorganisms are harmless and beneficial to your body. However, other microbes can cause microbial infection or pathogens, leading to diseases.
Some diseases caused by microorganisms do not need any treatment and heal independently. But some microorganisms cause illnesses that can affect you for a long go. Read further to learn about microbes and the diseases they cause.
Microorganisms are microscopic living agents found in every conceivable environment on the earth. They include bacteria, viruses or fungus and live in a unicellular form or as a colony of cells.
The major groups or types of microorganisms are as follows:
Bacteria are prokaryotic microbes with a single cell and nucleus without a membrane. They can be of various shapes such as rods, spheres and spirals. People already have billions of harmless bacteria present in the body. However, the ones that invade your body from the outside cause severe illness.
Viruses are majorly responsible for causing diseases among human beings. They are microscopic agents that require a living cell of another organism to reproduce. Viruses infect all life forms, including plants, animals, humans, bacteria and archaea.
Protozoa is a group of unicellular eukaryotes that can live independently or as parasites. They generally feed on other living matter such as debris, microbes or organic tissues. One such example of protozoa is amoeba which can change shape. Another example is Paramecium which has a complex structure and fixed shape.
Several sources in the environment can transmit microbial infections. Therefore, it is vital to learn about the diseases and their transmission mode to take appropriate measures. Below are some lists of diseases caused by microorganisms and their transmission mode.
|
Name of Diseases |
Causative Agent |
Mode of Transmission |
|
Tuberculosis |
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis |
Air |
|
Typhoid |
Salmonella Typhi |
Water |
|
Pneumonia |
Haemophilus Influenza and Streptococcus Pneumoniae |
Droplets of sneeze in the air |
|
Cholera |
Vibrio Cholerae |
Food and water |
|
Anthrax |
Bacillus Anthraces |
Contact with contaminated meat |
|
Diphtheria |
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae |
Air or contact with an infected agent |
|
Citrus Canker |
Xanthomonas Axonopodis |
Air |
|
Acne Vulgaris |
Propionibacterium Acnes |
Direct contact to the infected person |
|
Plague |
Yersinia pestis |
Air and direct contact |
|
Peptic Ulcers |
Helicobacter Pylori |
N/A |
|
Name of Diseases |
Causative Agent |
Mode of Transmission |
|
Cold, cough and flu |
Rhinoviruses |
Respiratory droplets in the air |
|
AIDS |
HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
Exchange of blood, semen and vaginal and rectal fluids breast milk |
|
Ebola |
Ebola virus |
Infected animal |
|
Dengue |
Flavivirus |
Aedes mosquito (female) |
|
Chikungunya |
Chikungunya virus |
Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus mosquito |
|
Smallpox |
Variola major and minor |
Air, water and direct contact with an infected agent |
|
Chicken Pox |
Varicella zoster virus |
Air and direct contact |
|
Hepatitis B |
Hepatitis B virus |
Blood Exchange or sexually transmitted |
|
Polio or Poliomyelitis |
Poliovirus |
Water, mouth or body waste |
|
Zika |
Zika virus |
Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus mosquito |
|
Measles |
Measles virus |
Air |
|
Oral and foot diseases |
Picornavirus or Genus Aphthovirus |
Animal and close contact with the infected agent |
|
Covid-19 |
Coronavirus |
Respiratory droplets in the air and direct contact |
|
Name of Diseases |
Causative Agent |
Mode of Transmission |
|
Rust of wheat |
Micro Trichophyton and Epidermophyton fungi |
Contact with infected skin |
|
Ringworms |
Puccinia Rust fungus |
Air and seeds |
|
Name of Diseases |
Causative Agent |
Mode of Transmission |
|
Malaria |
Plasmodium Malaria, Plasmodium Vivax and Plasmodium Falciparum |
Anopheles mosquito (female) |
|
Sleeping Sickness |
Trypanosoma |
Infected tsetse fly |
|
Amoebic Dysentery and Amoebiasis |
Entamoeba Histolytica |
Impure water and food |
|
Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala-Azar |
Leishmania genus |
Sandflies |
|
Ladies Finger or Yellow Vein |
Yellow Vein Mosaic virus |
Insect |
|
Dysentery |
Leishmania |
N/A |
These lists consist of diseases caused by microorganisms and their transmission agents. Some of these may make you fall sick or make you suffer for a long time.
Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to prevent microbial infections entirely. However, taking some simple measures can help you protect yourself from the transmission agents. In addition, it will prevent some common diseases caused by microorganisms in humans.
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